Polonnâruvâ Travel Guide

Polonnâruvâ Travel Guide

Polonnaruwa, located in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka, is one of the country's most significant ancient cities and a UNESCO World Heritage site. As the second capital of the Sinhalese Kingdom after Anuradhapura, it flourished between the 11th and 13th centuries. Today, Polonnaruwa is famous for its well-preserved archaeological ruins, temples, and statues, offering visitors a unique glimpse into Sri Lanka’s rich history and cultural heritage.

Key Attractions

1. The Ancient City of Polonnaruwa

   • The heart of Polonnaruwa is its ancient city, where you’ll find impressive ruins of palaces, temples, and statues. The entire area is divided into several complexes, each showcasing the grandeur of Sri Lanka's medieval kingdom.

2. Gal Vihara

   • Gal Vihara is a rock temple featuring four impressive Buddha statues carved from a single granite boulder. The standing, seated, and reclining Buddha statues here are among the finest examples of ancient Sinhalese rock carving.

3. Royal Palace Complex (Vijayabahu Palace)

   • Once the residence of King Parakramabahu I, the Royal Palace is an extensive complex of ruins. Though only the foundation and a few walls remain, the sheer size of the complex gives you an idea of the palace's grandeur.

4. Parakrama Samudra (Sea of Parakrama)

   • This vast reservoir was built by King Parakramabahu I and is a testament to the advanced engineering skills of ancient Sri Lanka. The reservoir, which is still in use today, provides a scenic backdrop for walks and picnics.

5. Lankatilaka Temple

   • A majestic brick structure housing a large standing Buddha statue, Lankatilaka Temple is one of the most impressive buildings in Polonnaruwa. Its tall walls and intricate carvings showcase ancient Sri Lankan architecture.

6. Vatadage

   • A circular relic house, Vatadage is one of Polonnaruwa’s most iconic structures. It is believed to have housed the Tooth Relic of the Buddha and features beautifully carved stonework, including four Buddha statues facing the cardinal directions.

7. Rankoth Vehera

   • This large stupa, similar in design to the stupas of Anuradhapura, is an important religious site in Polonnaruwa. It stands 33 meters tall and remains a place of worship for Buddhists today.

8. Nissanka Latha Mandapaya

   • This small pavilion is renowned for its unusual columns, which are carved in the shape of lotus stems. It was likely used for religious ceremonies during the reign of King Nissanka Malla.

Activities

1. Cycling Around the Ancient City

   • Polonnaruwa is a great place to explore by bicycle, as the ancient city covers a large area, and cycling allows you to visit various ruins easily. Bike rentals are available near the entrance to the archaeological site.

2. Wildlife Viewing at Minneriya National Park

   • Located a short drive from Polonnaruwa, Minneriya National Park is famous for its elephant gatherings, especially during the dry season (July to October). You can go on a jeep safari to see herds of wild elephants, as well as other wildlife.

3. Visit the Polonnaruwa Archaeological Museum

   • Before exploring the ruins, visit the Archaeological Museum to get an overview of the city’s history and see exhibits related to the artifacts and ruins scattered around Polonnaruwa.

4. Exploring Nearby Ancient Sites

   • Combine your visit to Polonnaruwa with trips to nearby ancient sites like Sigiriya Rock Fortress and Anuradhapura, both important cultural landmarks in Sri Lanka’s history.

Practical Information

1. Best Time to Visit

   • The best time to visit Polonnaruwa is during the dry season, which runs from May to September. The weather is sunny and ideal for exploring the ruins. Avoid the rainy season (October to December), as the area can get wet and muddy.

2. Getting Around

   • Bicycles: Cycling is one of the best ways to get around the ruins. You can rent bicycles near the entrance to the ancient city.
   • Tuk-tuks: For those who prefer not to cycle, tuk-tuks are available for hire. Many tuk-tuk drivers offer guided tours around the ruins.
   • Walking: Walking is an option for exploring the more compact sections of the ruins, though the site is quite large, and you may not be able to cover everything on foot.

3. Accommodation

   • Luxury: The Deer Park Hotel, EKHO Lake House
   • Mid-range: Seyara Holiday Resort, Giritale Hotel
   • Budget: Hotel Ancient Village, Ruins Villa

4. Local Cuisine

   • Traditional Sri Lankan food is readily available in Polonnaruwa, with local eateries offering rice and curry, fresh vegetables, and tropical fruits. Seafood is also popular, especially due to the proximity to large water bodies like the Parakrama Samudra.
   • Must-try dishes: Sri Lankan rice and curry, hoppers (a type of pancake), kottu roti, and coconut sambol.

5. Health and Safety

   • Health: Drink only bottled or filtered water, and be cautious of the tropical heat—stay hydrated and wear sun protection.
   • Safety: Polonnaruwa is generally safe for tourists, but it’s always wise to secure your belongings and be aware of your surroundings, especially when exploring remote areas.

6. Entrance Fees

   • There is an entry fee to visit the ancient city of Polonnaruwa. The fee also includes access to the Polonnaruwa Archaeological Museum. Make sure to keep your ticket with you during your visit, as it will be checked at various sites within the complex.

Cultural Etiquette

1. Respect Sacred Sites

   • When visiting temples and religious monuments, dress modestly, covering your shoulders and knees. Shoes must be removed before entering temples.

2. Photography

   • Photography is allowed at most sites, but avoid taking pictures of people, especially monks, without their permission. Also, be respectful when taking photos in sacred areas, such as near Buddha statues.

3. Interactions

   • Polonnaruwa is a tourist-friendly destination, and locals are generally welcoming. Greet people with a smile, and learn a few basic Sinhalese phrases to enhance your interactions.

Day Trips from Polonnaruwa

1. Sigiriya

   • Located about an hour away from Polonnaruwa, Sigiriya is a UNESCO-listed rock fortress with impressive frescoes and gardens. The climb to the top offers stunning views of the surrounding landscape.

2. Dambulla Cave Temple

   • Another UNESCO World Heritage site, the Dambulla Cave Temple is known for its series of cave shrines filled with ancient Buddha statues and vibrant wall paintings.

Polonnaruwa is a must-visit destination for history enthusiasts, culture lovers, and those looking to explore Sri Lanka’s ancient heritage. The combination of its rich history, stunning ruins, and tranquil surroundings make it a highlight of any visit to Sri Lanka.