Japan combines the ultramodern with deep-rooted traditions, from neon-lit cityscapes to serene temples and shrines. Here's how to make the most of your visit and seamlessly travel across the country by train, Japan is very safe.

1. Key Destinations in Japan

• Tokyo: Japan's capital offers a dizzying array of experiences, from the high-tech district of Akihabara to the historic Asakusa and beautiful Shinjuku Gyoen gardens.

• Kyoto: Famous for its temples, shrines, and traditional teahouses, Kyoto is the heart of Japanese culture and history.

• Osaka: Known for its vibrant street food scene, Osaka Castle, and Universal Studios Japan.

• Hokkaido: For nature lovers, Hokkaido offers skiing, hot springs, and spectacular national parks.

• Hiroshima: Known for the Peace Memorial Park and Museum, Hiroshima also has a rich culinary culture.

• Okinawa: This tropical paradise offers beautiful beaches and unique Okinawan culture.

2. The Train System in Japan

Japan’s train network is incredibly efficient, with different types of trains serving various routes:

• Shinkansen (Bullet Trains): These high-speed trains connect major cities, like Tokyo, Osaka, and Kyoto. They’re known for punctuality, comfort, and speed, reaching up to 320 km/h (199 mph).

• Local Trains: These are slower than Shinkansen and make frequent stops, mainly serving short distances and rural areas.

• Limited Express Trains: Faster than local trains but slower than Shinkansen, these connect cities within the same region.

• Metro/Subway: Large cities like Tokyo and Osaka have their own extensive metro systems, ideal for inner-city travel.

• Regional Railways: Many regions have their own railways, like JR West in Kansai and JR Hokkaido, which may include scenic routes.

3. The Japan Rail Pass

For international tourists, the Japan Rail Pass (JR Pass) is one of the best options for unlimited travel on JR trains, including most Shinkansen, for a set number of days.

• Types of JR Passes:

  • 7-day Pass: Ideal for a short trip covering multiple cities.
  • 14-day Pass: Suited for longer stays and multiple destinations.
  • 21-day Pass: Great for an extended tour of Japan.

• Cost: Prices vary depending on the duration and class (ordinary or green, which is first-class). The 7-day pass starts at around ¥29,650 (about $200 USD) for ordinary class.

• Purchase: The pass must be bought before arriving in Japan or, more recently, can be purchased at certain airports and JR ticket offices upon arrival.

4. Planning Your Train Journey in Japan

• Hyperdia and Navitime: These are two popular apps that provide train schedules, routes, and fare information in English. Enter your starting point and destination for detailed guidance.

• Timing: Trains in Japan are extremely punctual, so be at the platform well in advance, especially for Shinkansen.

5. Boarding the Train

• Reserved vs. Non-Reserved Seats: Shinkansen trains have both types of seating. It’s best to reserve seats during peak times or if you’re traveling with large groups. Reservations can be made at JR ticket offices or through automatic machines.

• Etiquette: Japanese trains are known for their quiet and orderly environment. Avoid talking loudly, and switch your phone to silent mode. There are luggage racks, but if you have a lot of baggage, you may need to reserve a spot at the back of the car.

6. Japan City Metro Systems

• Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway: Tokyo has a vast and complex metro system with two main operators, Tokyo Metro and Toei Subway, plus JR lines that cross the city. The Tokyo Subway Ticket allows unlimited travel on these networks for 24, 48, or 72 hours.

• Osaka Metro: Osaka’s metro is simple to navigate and also includes a city pass for tourists that provides access to main attractions.

7. Train Manners and Tips

• Lining Up: Queue up in designated areas on the platform. Japanese passengers are known for orderly boarding.

• Eating and Drinking: It’s generally acceptable on long-distance trains, like the Shinkansen, where you can enjoy a bento box from the station. However, refrain from eating on local or metro trains.

• Overnight Trains: While less common now due to the speed of Shinkansen, some overnight trains like the Sunrise Izumo are an option, especially for scenic journeys.

8. Japan Sightseeing by Train: Notable Routes

• Tokaido Shinkansen (Tokyo to Kyoto/Osaka): Japan’s most popular bullet train route, passing by Mt. Fuji on clear days.

• Hokkaido Shinkansen: Linking Tokyo to Hokkaido, this route offers a scenic journey through northern Japan.

• Limited Express Wide View Hida (Nagoya to Takayama): Known for panoramic views of the Japanese Alps.

• Sagano Scenic Railway (Kyoto): A charming route through the mountains, especially beautiful during cherry blossom and autumn foliage seasons.

9. Useful Japanese Phrases for Train Travel

• Doko e ikimasu ka? – “Where does this go?”
• Kippu uriba wa doko desu ka? – “Where is the ticket counter?”
• Shitei-seki wo onegaishimasu. – “A reserved seat, please.”
• Kaisatsu wa doko desu ka? – “Where is the ticket gate?”

10. Final Tips for Traveling by Train in Japan

• Early Arrival: Shinkansen and some popular trains fill up quickly, especially during rush hour and holidays like Golden Week. Arrive early to secure your spot.
• IC Cards (Suica and Pasmo): These rechargeable cards work on most metro and bus systems, simplifying short trips around cities. They can be purchased and topped up at train stations.
• Stay Informed of Train Announcements: Although many announcements are in English, being mindful of changes and platform shifts can help avoid confusion.

Japan’s rail system provides a smooth and scenic way to explore this unique country, blending efficiency and cultural respect with convenience.